Working memory and second language writing: A systematic review

Abstract This article reports on a comprehensive synthesis of the literature role working memory in second language (L2) writing. It starts with an overview and clarification construct measurement memory, followed by elaboration major theoretical models informing synthesized research. The then presents methods results 16 studies that have been conducted associations between L2 methodological encompasses research design, writing performance, data elicitation for processes, analysis reporting. demonstrate (1) is largely unrelated to overall proficiency; (2) it predictive specific aspects composition such as complexity, accuracy, fluency; (3) varies function genre, proficiency, target structure, instruction type, task demands; (4) verbal phonological short-term visual-spatial executive functions (inhibiting, shifting, updating) differential process product are discussed identifying trends, accounting disparities, clarifying confusion, recommending solutions, proposing new directions.